簡單過去式 (Past Simple) 指南 – TOEIC® 準備
Flow Exam team
1. 如何構成簡單過去式 (Past Simple)?
英語區分兩類動詞:
- 不規則動詞:大約 200 個需要記憶的動詞列表
- 規則動詞:英語中所有其他的動詞
這個區分至關重要,因為過去式的動詞變化根據動詞類別完全不同...
不規則動詞可能會讓人望而生畏,因為我們經常被要求機械地死記硬背,而不是用方法來學習。然而,如果你能聰明地吸收它們(我們的平台提供了一個專門的遊戲),它們將是TOEIC® 的主要優勢,因為它們能為你帶來極其豐富的詞彙基礎。🔗 點擊此處查看不規則動詞完整列表以及我們為方便您學習而創建的遊戲:不規則動詞
1.1. 規則動詞的構成
| 肯定形式 | 否定形式 | 疑問形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did I travel? |
| You | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did you travel? |
| He / She / It | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did he/she/it travel? |
| We | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did we travel? |
| You | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did you travel? |
| They | traveled | did not (didn't) travel | Did they travel? |
- 在肯定形式中,只需在動詞後加上“-ed”(或僅加“-d”)結尾。
- 在否定形式中,我們在主語和動詞之間插入“did not”(或縮寫“didn't”)(動詞使用不帶 to 的不定式)。
- 在疑問形式中,結構變為“did + 主語 + 動詞不定式 + ?”
常見陷阱
- 在否定和疑問形式中使用過去式動詞後跟 “did”:
- 錯誤:I didn't traveled to London.
- 正確:I didn't travel to London.
- 混淆規則和不規則動詞的變化:(見下一部分)
- 錯誤:She buyed a new car.
- 正確:She bought a new car.
- 忽略疑問句中的主語與助動詞倒裝:
- 錯誤:You did visit Paris?
- 正確:Did you visit Paris?
1.2. 不規則動詞的構成
1.2.1. 不規則動詞的變位
| 肯定形式 | 否定形式 | 疑問形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did I write? |
| You | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did you write? |
| He / She / It | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did he/she/it write? |
| We | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did we write? |
| You | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did you write? |
| They | wrote | did not (didn't) write | Did they write? |
- 在肯定形式中,我們使用不規則的過去式(在不規則動詞表中,通常是第二列)。
- 在否定和疑問形式中,結構與規則動詞的構成相同。
1.2.2. 動詞 "be" 的特殊情況
| 肯定形式 | 否定形式 | 疑問形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | was | was not (wasn't) | Was I? |
| You | were | were not (weren't) | Were you? |
| He / She / It | was | was not (wasn't) | Was he/she/it? |
| We | were | were not (weren't) | Were we? |
| You | were | were not (weren't) | Were you? |
| They | were | were not (weren't) | Were they? |
- 除了第一人稱和第三人稱單數使用“was”外,其他所有人稱都使用“were”。
- 特別注意:過去式變位的“be” 動詞不需要助動詞 “did”。我們直接使用“was”和“were”來構成否定和疑問形式。
2. 什麼情況下使用簡單過去式 (Past Simple)?
2.1. 過去完全完成的事件
簡單過去式用於指稱過去已經確定結束的動作。這些事件與現在的時刻沒有任何關聯。
- I completed my assignment last night. (我昨晚完成了我的作業。)
- They relocated to a different city in 2015. (他們在 2015 年搬到了另一個城市。)
時間標記詞
一旦你在句子中發現以下任何一個時間標記,你幾乎可以確定該動詞應使用簡單過去式:
- at
- I completed at 9 o'clock
- I completed at 3.30
- I completed at the end of the week
- I completed at Christmas
- on
- I completed on Tuesday
- I completed on 23rd March
- I completed on the 15th
- I completed on Christmas Day
- in
- I completed in February
- I completed in 1976
- I completed in the 1990s
- I completed in winter / summer…
- 無介詞:
- I completed yesterday
- I completed yesterday afternoon
- I completed last Friday
- I completed a few days ago
- I completed the day before yesterday
- I completed when I was young
- I lived in London for five years. (持續了五年,我現在不住在那裡了)
2.2. 過去的習慣性動作
簡單過去式表達過去重複發生但現在不再持續的動作。
- When I was younger, I walked to school every day. (我年輕時,每天走路去上學。)
- He traveled to Spain every summer during his childhood. (他童年時的每個夏天都去西班牙旅行。)
2.3. 過去事件的順序
簡單過去式也可用於描述過去發生的一系列連續動作。
- She opened the door, walked in, and turned on the light. (她打開了門,走了進去,然後打開了燈。)
- He closed his laptop, grabbed his coat, and left the office. (他合上筆記本電腦,抓起外套,然後離開了辦公室。)
2.4. 持續了一段特定時間的過去動作
當談論在過去持續了一段時間但現已結束的動作時,我們也使用簡單過去式。
- I studied at this university for three years. (我曾在那所大學學習了三年。)
- They worked for that organization from 2010 to 2015. (他們從 2010 年到 2015 年在那家組織工作。)
2.5. 中斷過去進行中動作的動作
簡單過去式描述一個短暫的動作,該動作中斷了過去正在進行的另一個動作。正在進行的動作通常用過去進行式 (past continuous) 表示。
- I was reading a book when the doorbell rang. (我正在看書時,門鈴響了。)
- She was working on her project when her colleague called. (她正在做專案時,她的同事打來了電話。)
⚠️ 此結構也屬於一種條件句形式,我們將在專門的課程中深入探討。
結論
如果您想加深對過去時態的掌握以優化您的TOEIC®分數,我們推薦以下補充資源:
準備好採取行動了嗎?
您剛在這裡學到的關於簡單過去式的每一個規則,FlowExam 都會幫助您將其轉化為TOEIC® 的具體分數,這要歸功於一種智能的方法,該方法專注於您真正的弱點。了解過去式的動詞變化是好的。能夠在TOEIC® 的第 5 和第 6 部分中即時識別時間標記並選擇正確的動詞形式,那就更好了。FlowExam 分析您、糾正您,並引導您走向最具效益的進步方向。您的訓練將變得有針對性、有策略且有效。
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