Oregelbundna TOEIC-verb: regler, lista och metod för att undvika misstag
Flow Exam team
De oregelbundna verben följer inte "-ed"-regeln i dåtid.
På TOEIC® utgör de 40% av grammatikfrågorna i Del 5 och dyker upp i alla professionella sammanhang i testet.
Den verkliga svårigheten? Att omedelbart känna igen vilken form man ska använda när man läser ett e-postmeddelande, en rapport eller ett meddelande.
Exempel: "The supplier has sent the invoice" (inte "sended"). Att organisera dessa verb efter professionell situation (och inte i alfabetisk ordning) gör att du kan memorera dem 3 gånger snabbare.
Verb för möten och presentationer
Dessa verb återkommer i Lyssna-dialoger (Del 3-4) och e-postmeddelanden/meddelanden om möten (Del 7).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| hold | held | held | Hold a meeting, conference |
| lead | led | led | Lead a team, discussion |
| speak | spoke | spoken | Speak at an event |
| begin | began | begun | Begin a presentation |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring documents, materials |
| meet | met | met | Meet clients, colleagues |
| tell | told | told | Tell about results |
| give | gave | given | Give a presentation, feedback |
| show | showed | shown | Show data, slides |
| hear | heard | heard | Hear opinions, concerns |
| understand | understood | understood | Understand the proposal |
| think | thought | thought | Think about options |
| say | said | said | Say during the meeting |
| mean | meant | meant | Mean to clarify |
| come | came | come | Come to the meeting |
| sit | sat | sat | Sit in the conference room |
| stand | stood | stood | Stand to present |
| leave | left | left | Leave the meeting early |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget to mention |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend time discussing |
Typiskt exempel Del 7:
- "The keynote speaker will give a presentation on market trends, and participants who come early can meet with industry experts."
Huvudtalaren kommer att hålla en presentation om marknadstrender, och deltagare som kommer tidigt kan träffa branschexperter.
Verb för e-post och kommunikation
Dessa verb dominerar Del 7 (e-postmeddelanden, korrespondens) och Del 5 (meningar om intern kommunikation).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| write | wrote | written | Write emails, reports |
| send | sent | sent | Send messages, files |
| receive | received | received | Receive confirmation |
| read | read | read | Read the memo |
| reply | replied | replied | Reply to inquiries (regelbundet men användbart) |
| forward | forwarded | forwarded | Forward information (regelbundet) |
| make | made | made | Make a request |
| let | let | let | Let someone know |
| tell | told | told | Tell about changes |
| know | knew | known | Know the details |
| find | found | found | Find attached |
| see | saw | seen | See below |
| hear | heard | heard | Hear from you soon |
| get | got | got/gotten | Get in touch |
| keep | kept | kept | Keep informed |
| put | put | put | Put in the subject line |
| understand | understood | understood | Understand the instructions |
| feel | felt | felt | Feel free to contact |
| think | thought | thought | Think it's important |
Vanlig fälla Del 5:
- "Please find the updated schedule attached." (inte "attach")
Vänligen hitta det uppdaterade schemat bifogat.
Verb för rapporter och analyser
Du stöter på dem i analytiska texter (Del 7) och meningar om finansiella resultat (Del 5-6).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| show | showed | shown | Show results, trends |
| find | found | found | Find that sales increased |
| become | became | become | Become the leader |
| grow | grew | grown | Grow by 15% |
| rise | rose | risen | Rise significantly |
| fall | fell | fallen | Fall below expectations |
| go | went | gone | Go up, go down |
| cost | cost | cost | Cost less than predicted |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose market share |
| win | won | won | Win new contracts |
| sell | sold | sold | Sell more units |
| buy | bought | bought | Buy new equipment |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend on marketing |
| pay | paid | paid | Pay suppliers |
| set | set | set | Set new records |
| break | broke | broken | Break even |
| hit | hit | hit | Hit targets |
| meet | met | met | Meet goals |
| beat | beat | beaten | Beat competitors |
| cut | cut | cut | Cut costs |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | Forecast revenues |
Exempel Del 6:
- "Sales have risen by 12% this quarter, and the company has set a new record for annual revenue."
Försäljningen har ökat med 12% i år, och företaget har satt ett nytt rekord för årsintäkterna.
Verb för HR och rekrytering
Dessa verb visas i jobbannonser, HR-policyer (Del 7) och frågor om personal (Del 5).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| hire | hired | hired | Hire new employees (regelbundet) |
| choose | chose | chosen | Choose candidates |
| become | became | become | Become a manager |
| take | took | taken | Take a position |
| leave | left | left | Leave the company |
| begin | began | begun | Begin employment |
| quit | quit | quit | Quit the job |
| lead | led | led | Lead a department |
| build | built | built | Build a team |
| teach | taught | taught | Teach new skills |
| learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | Learn procedures |
| train | trained | trained | Train staff (regelbundet) |
| promote | promoted | promoted | Promote to senior role (regelbundet) |
| give | gave | given | Give notice |
| get | got | got/gotten | Get promoted |
| make | made | made | Make a decision |
| offer | offered | offered | Offer a contract (regelbundet) |
| sign | signed | signed | Sign an agreement (regelbundet) |
| understand | understood | understood | Understand benefits |
| know | knew | known | Know company policies |
Exempel Del 7:
- "We have chosen three finalists and will make a hiring decision by Friday."
Vi har valt ut tre finalister och kommer att fatta ett anställningsbeslut före fredag.
Verb för affärsresor och förflyttning
Vanliga i resemeddelanden (Del 7), dialoger på flygplats/hotell (Del 3) och utläggsrapporter.
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | Go on a business trip |
| come | came | come | Come back from abroad |
| fly | flew | flown | Fly to the conference |
| leave | left | left | Leave for Tokyo |
| take | took | taken | Take a flight |
| drive | drove | driven | Drive to the site |
| ride | rode | ridden | Ride the shuttle |
| catch | caught | caught | Catch a train |
| miss | missed | missed | Miss a connection (regelbundet) |
| arrive | arrived | arrived | Arrive at the hotel (regelbundet) |
| depart | departed | departed | Depart on time (regelbundet) |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring luggage |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget passport |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose baggage |
| find | found | found | Find accommodation |
| book | booked | booked | Book a room (regelbundet) |
| stay | stayed | stayed | Stay overnight (regelbundet) |
| choose | chose | chosen | Choose a hotel |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend two nights |
| meet | met | met | Meet overseas clients |
Exempel Del 3 (dialog):
- "I flew to Seoul last week and met with our partners there."
Jag flög till Seoul förra veckan och träffade våra partners där.
Verb för produktion och drift
Du ser dem i texter om tillverkning, logistik och processer (Del 6-7).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| make | made | made | Make products |
| build | built | built | Build facilities |
| design | designed | designed | Design new models (regelbundet) |
| create | created | created | Create prototypes (regelbundet) |
| produce | produced | produced | Produce goods (regelbundet) |
| manufacture | manufactured | manufactured | Manufacture components (regelbundet) |
| develop | developed | developed | Develop solutions (regelbundet) |
| build | built | built | Build infrastructure |
| set | set | set | Set up equipment |
| run | ran | run | Run operations |
| begin | began | begun | Begin production |
| shut | shut | shut | Shut down temporarily |
| speed | sped | sped | Speed up delivery |
| deal | dealt | dealt | Deal with issues |
| handle | handled | handled | Handle logistics (regelbundet) |
| ship | shipped | shipped | Ship orders (regelbundet) |
| send | sent | sent | Send shipments |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring supplies |
| take | took | taken | Take inventory |
| keep | kept | kept | Keep stock levels |
| hold | held | held | Hold materials |
| put | put | put | Put in storage |
| lay | laid | laid | Lay foundations |
| wear | wore | worn | Wear safety gear |
| break | broke | broken | Break down (machinery) |
| fix | fixed | fixed | Fix equipment (regelbundet) |
| repair | repaired | repaired | Repair tools (regelbundet) |
Verb för beslut och planering
Viktiga för Del 5-6 (strategiska sammanhang) och Del 7 (PM om strategier).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| choose | chose | chosen | Choose a strategy |
| decide | decided | decided | Decide on actions (regelbundet) |
| make | made | made | Make decisions |
| take | took | taken | Take measures |
| set | set | set | Set objectives |
| plan | planned | planned | Plan initiatives (regelbundet) |
| think | thought | thought | Think about options |
| consider | considered | considered | Consider proposals (regelbundet) |
| agree | agreed | agreed | Agree on terms (regelbundet) |
| approve | approved | approved | Approve budgets (regelbundet) |
| recommend | recommended | recommended | Recommend changes (regelbundet) |
| propose | proposed | proposed | Propose solutions (regelbundet) |
| suggest | suggested | suggested | Suggest improvements (regelbundet) |
| discuss | discussed | discussed | Discuss plans (regelbundet) |
| review | reviewed | reviewed | Review options (regelbundet) |
| evaluate | evaluated | evaluated | Evaluate results (regelbundet) |
| determine | determined | determined | Determine priorities (regelbundet) |
| establish | established | established | Establish guidelines (regelbundet) |
| know | knew | known | Know the risks |
| understand | understood | understood | Understand implications |
| mean | meant | meant | Mean to implement |
| seek | sought | sought | Seek approval |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring ideas |
| put | put | put | Put forward proposals |
| come | came | come | Come up with solutions |
| feel | felt | felt | Feel confident about |
Verb för inköp och kontrakt
Vanliga i inköpsordrar, fakturor och förhandlingar (Del 7).
| Grundform | Dåtid | Perfekt particip | Typiskt TOEIC®-sammanhang |
|---|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought | Buy supplies |
| sell | sold | sold | Sell products |
| pay | paid | paid | Pay invoices |
| cost | cost | cost | Cost $5000 |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend budget |
| charge | charged | charged | Charge fees (regelbundet) |
| bid | bid | bid | Bid on contracts |
| win | won | won | Win the tender |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose the deal |
| get | got | got/gotten | Get a discount |
| give | gave | given | Give a quote |
| offer | offered | offered | Offer terms (regelbundet) |
| negotiate | negotiated | negotiated | Negotiate prices (regelbundet) |
| sign | signed | signed | Sign contracts (regelbundet) |
| make | made | made | Make an offer |
| order | ordered | ordered | Order materials (regelbundet) |
| deliver | delivered | delivered | Deliver goods (regelbundet) |
| send | sent | sent | Send payment |
| receive | received | received | Receive shipment (regelbundet) |
| owe | owed | owed | Owe money (regelbundet) |
| lend | lent | lent | Lend resources |
| borrow | borrowed | borrowed | Borrow equipment (regelbundet) |
De 3 katastrofala misstagen (och hur man undviker dem)
Bland de kandidater vi följer återkommer tre misstag ständigt och kostar totalt mellan 20 och 50 poäng.
Misstag 1: Förväxla A-B-C-formerna
Verb som write/wrote/written eller choose/chose/chosen är de mest luriga.
- The contract was wrote last month. ✗
- The contract was written last month. ✓
Kontraktet skrevs förra månaden.
Efter "was/were" använder du ALLTID perfekt particip (kolumn 3), aldrig enkel dåtid (kolumn 2).
Misstag 2: Glömma "have/has" i presens perfektum
- The supplier sent the invoice three times this week. (enkel dåtid)
- The supplier has sent the invoice three times this week. (presens perfektum) ✓
Leverantören har skickat fakturan tre gånger den här veckan.
Med "this week/month/year" (icke avslutad period) måste du använda "has/have + perfekt particip".
Misstag 3: Reflexmässigt använda "-ed"
Efter år av engelska automatiserar hjärnan "-ed". Resultatet blir: "choosed", "sended", "builded".
Reflex: när du tvekar på ett vanligt verb (go, make, take, send, write, know) är det troligen oregelbundet.
På Flow Exam kan du öva direkt på temat Oregelbundna verb i exakt samma format som på TOEIC®. Så om du har svårt för det här temat kommer du aldrig att göra om samma misstag igen.
Inlärningsmetod baserad på kontext (verkligen effektiv)
Även bland kandidater som redan har tillgång till en förberedelseplattform via sin skola, misslyckas memorering med alfabetiska listor.
Anledningen är enkel: dessa verktyg betonar regeln, men sällan reflexen man behöver vid stress.
- Steg 1: Välj EN kontext (till exempel "e-postmeddelanden"). Fokusera på de 15-20 verben i den kategorin i 3 dagar.
- Steg 2: Skapa 5 realistiska TOEIC®-meningar per dag med dessa verb. Exempel: "I have sent the report and attached the financial data."
- Steg 3: Öva på riktade Del 5-frågor (4 val, 10 sekunder per fråga). Passiv igenkänning räcker inte.
- Steg 4: På 6 veckor täcker du alla professionella sammanhang med hållbar memorering.
De kandidater som gör snabbast framsteg har en sak gemensamt: de kategoriserar sina misstag (kontext + typ av förväxling) istället för att bara göra slumpmässiga övningar.
Snabb checklista baserat på meningens kontext
| TOEIC® Texttyp | Vanliga oregelbundna verb | Huvudfälla |
|---|---|---|
| E-post/PM | send, write, receive, find, get, let, know | Förväxla "sent" och "send" efter "was" |
| Finansiell rapport | show, grow, rise, fall, sell, cost, meet, set | Glömma "have" före "risen/grown" |
| Jobbannons | choose, become, take, lead, give, make | Blanda "chose" och "chosen" |
| Affärsresa | go, fly, leave, take, bring, meet | "Gone" kontra "went" beroende på kontext |
| Möte | hold, give, speak, begin, bring, meet | Glömt "held" efter "was" |
| Produktion | make, build, run, set, shut, break | Perfekt particip efter "been" |
| Kontrakt | buy, sell, pay, win, sign, send | "Bought" kontra "brought" (vanlig förväxling) |
Redo att öva?
Oregelbundna verb per professionell kontext är en strategi som är 3 gånger effektivare än alfabetisk inlärning.
Det klassiska felet: att lära sig listor utan koppling till TOEIC®-situationer och sedan kollapsa under pressen på testdagen.
På Flow Exam kan du öva direkt på temat Oregelbundna verb i Del 5, med tusentals frågor i samma format som i det officiella TOEIC®. Så om du har svårt för det här temat kommer du aldrig att göra om samma misstag igen.
Några superkrafter hos Flow Exam-plattformen:
- 150 verkligt exklusiva tips baserade på erfarenheter från över 500 kandidater som uppnått +950 på TOEIC®: tydliga, konkreta, testade och validerade i fält.
- Intelligent träningssystem som anpassar övningar efter din profil och tränar dig direkt på de teman där du gör mest fel. Resultat → en progression som är 3,46 gånger snabbare jämfört med traditionella plattformar.
- Ultranpassad inlärningsplan: fokuserad träning enbart på de frågor och teman som får dig att tappa poäng → kontinuerligt justerad för att anpassas till din nivåförändring.
- Personlig statistik för över 200 specifika teman (adverb, pronomen, sammanbindande ord, etc.)
- Realtidsläge exakt som på provdagen (läsa instruktioner vid Lyssna, stoppur, etc.) → Du kan aktivera det när du vill.
- Flashcards som genereras automatiskt baserat på dina egna misstag, och optimerade med J-metoden (spridd repetition) för hållbar memorering och noll glömska.
- +300 poäng på TOEIC® garanteras. Annars, får du pengarna tillbaka.