Przewodnik po czasownikach nieregularnych – Przygotowanie do TOEIC®

Wprowadzenie

Niniejszy przewodnik prezentuje kompletny wykaz czasowników nieregularnych w języku angielskim, wraz z szacunkową (orientacyjną i nieoficjalną, ustaloną na podstawie naszego doświadczenia w terenie) częstotliwością występowania każdego czasownika w egzaminie TOEIC®.

Zasadniczym celem jest umożliwienie Ci szybkiego zidentyfikowania, które czasowniki nieregularne powtarzają się najczęściej w pytaniach testowych, aby zoptymalizować czas Twojej nauki.

To opracowanie stanowi niezbędną bazę leksykalną do spokojnego podejścia do egzaminu TOEIC®: opanowanie tych form czasownikowych da Ci przewagę w rozumieniu tekstu pisanego i słuchaniu, zwłaszcza w częściach 5, 6 i 7.

Lista czasowników nieregularnych dla TOEIC®

Czasownik podstawowy	Przeszły (Prétérit)	Imiesłów czasu przeszłego (Participe passé)	Tłumaczenie francuskie	Prawdopodobieństwo TOEIC®
abide	abode	abode	se conformer à / respecter	10%
arise	arose	arisen	apparaître / se présenter	20%
awake	awoke	awoken	éveiller / se réveiller	15%
be	was/were	been	être	95%
bear	bore	borne	supporter / endurer	25%
beat	beat	beaten	frapper / battre	30%
become	became	become	devenir	95%
begin	began	begun	débuter / commencer	80%
bend	bent	bent	courber / fléchir	25%
bet	bet	bet	miser / parier	20%
bid	bid	bid	enchérir / proposer un prix	15%
bind	bound	bound	lier / contraindre	20%
bite	bit	bitten	mordre	15%
bleed	bled	bled	saigner / perdre du sang	10%
blow	blew	blown	souffler / exploser	25%
break	broke	broken	briser / rompre	80%
breed	bred	bred	reproduire / élever (animaux)	15%
bring	brought	brought	amener / apporter	95%
build	built	built	bâtir / édifier	80%
burn	burnt	burnt	brûler / consumer	20%
burst	burst	burst	exploser / éclater	15%
buy	bought	bought	acheter / acquérir	95%
cast	cast	cast	jeter / distribuer (rôles)	20%
catch	caught	caught	attraper / saisir	80%
choose	chose	chosen	sélectionner / choisir	50%
cling	clung	clung	s'agripper / se cramponner	15%
come	came	come	venir / arriver	95%
cost	cost	cost	coûter / valoir	80%
creep	crept	crept	ramper / se glisser	15%
cut	cut	cut	couper / trancher	80%
deal	dealt	dealt	distribuer / traiter	25%
dig	dug	dug	creuser / fouiller	20%
do	did	done	faire / accomplir	95%
draw	drew	drawn	dessiner / tirer	50%
dream	dreamt/dreamed	dreamt/dreamed	rêver / imaginer	20%
drink	drank	drunk	boire / consommer	50%
drive	drove	driven	conduire / piloter	50%
dwell	dwelt/dwelled	dwelt/dwelled	résider / habiter	10%
eat	ate	eaten	manger / se nourrir	80%
fall	fell	fallen	tomber / chuter	50%
feed	fed	fed	nourrir / alimenter	30%
feel	felt	felt	ressentir / éprouver	80%
fight	fought	fought	combattre / se battre	30%
find	found	found	trouver / découvrir	95%
flee	fled	fled	fuir / s'échapper	15%
fling	flung	flung	jeter / lancer violemment	10%
fly	flew	flown	voler / s'envoler	30%
forbid	forbade	forbidden	interdire / prohiber	20%
forecast	forecast	forecast	prédire / anticiper	20%
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	prévoir / anticiper	15%
foretell	foretold	foretold	prédire / annoncer	10%
forget	forgot	forgotten	oublier / omettre	50%
forgive	forgave	forgiven	pardonner / excuser	25%
forsake	forsook	forsaken	abandonner / délaisser	15%
freeze	froze	frozen	geler / congeler	30%
get	got	got	obtenir / recevoir	95%
give	gave	given	donner / offrir	95%
go	went	gone	aller / partir	95%
grind	ground	ground	moudre / broyer	15%
grow	grew	grown	grandir / croître	50%
hang	hung	hung	suspendre / accrocher	25%
have	had	had	avoir / posséder	95%
hear	heard	heard	entendre / écouter	80%
hide	hid	hidden	cacher / dissimuler	30%
hit	hit	hit	frapper / heurter	50%
hold	held	held	tenir / maintenir	80%
hurt	hurt	hurt	blesser / faire mal	50%
keep	kept	kept	garder / conserver	80%
kneel	knelt/kneeled	knelt/kneeled	s'agenouiller / se mettre à genoux	10%
knit	knit	knit	tricoter / tisser	10%
know	knew	known	savoir / connaître	95%
lay	laid	laid	poser / déposer	30%
lead	led	led	diriger / mener	50%
lean	leaned/leant	leaned/leant	s'appuyer / se pencher	15%
leap	leaped/leapt	leaped/leapt	bondir / sauter	20%
learn	learnt	learnt	apprendre / étudier	50%
leave	left	left	partir / quitter	80%
lend	lent	lent	prêter / avancer	30%
let	let	let	laisser / permettre	80%
lie	lay	lain	être allongé / reposer	30%
light	lit	lit	allumer / éclairer	25%
lose	lost	lost	perdre / égarer	80%
make	made	made	fabriquer / créer	95%
mean	meant	meant	signifier / vouloir dire	80%
meet	met	met	rencontrer / retrouver	80%
mow	mowed	mown	tondre (pelouse)	10%
overcome	overcame	overcome	surmonter / vaincre	30%
partake	partook	partaken	participer à / prendre part	10%
pay	paid	paid	payer / régler	95%
put	put	put	placer / mettre	95%
quit	quit	quit	quitter / arrêter	20%
read	read	read	lire / consulter	80%
rid	rid	rid	débarrasser / libérer	15%
ride	rode	ridden	chevaucher / faire du vélo	50%
ring	rang	rung	sonner / téléphoner	25%
rise	rose	risen	se lever / monter	30%
run	ran	run	courir / gérer	95%
saw	sawed	sawn	scier / découper	15%
say	said	said	dire / affirmer	95%
see	saw	seen	voir / observer	95%
seek	sought	sought	chercher / rechercher	30%
sell	sold	sold	vendre / commercialiser	80%
send	sent	sent	envoyer / expédier	80%
set	set	set	fixer / établir	80%
sew	sewed	sewn	coudre / assembler	15%
shake	shook	shaken	secouer / trembler	30%
shear	sheared	shorn	tondre (moutons)	10%
shed	shed	shed	perdre (poils, feuilles) / verser	10%
shine	shone	shone	briller / rayonner	20%
shoe	shod	shod	chausser / ferrer	10%
shoot	shot	shot	tirer / photographier	30%
show	showed	shown	montrer / présenter	50%
shut	shut	shut	fermer / clore	25%
sing	sang	sung	chanter / interpréter	30%
sink	sank	sunk	couler / sombrer	25%
sit	sat	sat	s'asseoir / siéger	80%
slay	slew	slain	tuer / assassiner	10%
sleep	slept	slept	dormir / sommeiller	50%
slide	slid	slid	glisser / déraper	20%
slit	slit	slit	fendre / inciser	15%
smell	smelt/smelled	smelt/smelled	sentir / flairer	25%
sow	sowed	sown	semer / planter	10%
speak	spoke	spoken	parler / s'exprimer	95%
speed	sped	sped	accélérer / se dépêcher	20%
spell	spelt	spelt	épeler / orthographier	20%
spend	spent	spent	dépenser / passer (temps)	80%
spill	spilt	spilt	renverser / répandre	15%
spin	spun	spun	tourner / filer (laine)	20%
spit	spat/spit	spat/spit	cracher / expectorer	10%
split	split	split	diviser / séparer	20%
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	gâter / abîmer	15%
spread	spread	spread	étaler / diffuser	25%
spring	sprang	sprung	jaillir / bondir	15%
stand	stood	stood	se tenir debout / supporter	80%
steal	stole	stolen	voler / dérober	30%
stick	stuck	stuck	coller / adhérer	25%
sting	stung	stung	piquer / brûler	15%
stink	stank	stunk	puer / sentir mauvais	10%
stride	strode	stridden	marcher à grandes enjambées	10%
strike	struck	struck	frapper / heurter	30%
strive	strove	striven	s'efforcer / lutter	15%
swear	swore	sworn	jurer / promettre	25%
sweep	swept	swept	balayer / nettoyer	20%
swell	swelled	swollen	gonfler / enfler	15%
swim	swam	swum	nager / traverser à la nage	25%
swing	swung	swung	se balancer / osciller	15%
take	took	taken	prendre / saisir	95%
teach	taught	taught	enseigner / instruire	95%
tear	tore	torn	déchirer / arracher	25%
tell	told	told	raconter / informer	95%
think	thought	thought	penser / réfléchir	95%
throw	threw	thrown	lancer / jeter	50%
thrust	thrust	thrust	enfoncer / pousser	10%
tread	trod	trodden	marcher sur / piétiner	10%
undergo	underwent	undergone	subir / traverser	20%
understand	understood	understood	comprendre / saisir	95%
undertake	undertook	undertaken	entreprendre / se charger de	20%
upset	upset	upset	bouleverser / contrarier	15%
wake	woke	woken	réveiller / éveiller	30%
wear	wore	worn	porter (vêtements) / user	50%
weave	wove	woven	tisser / entrelacer	10%
weep	wept	wept	pleurer / verser des larmes	20%
win	won	won	gagner / remporter	80%
wind	wound	wound	enrouler / remonter (mécanisme)	15%
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	retirer / se retirer	25%
withhold	withheld	withheld	retenir / refuser	20%
withstand	withstood	withstood	résister à / supporter	15%
wring	wrung	wrung	tordre / essorer	10%
write	wrote	written	écrire / rédiger	95%
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	diffuser / émettre	20%
deal (with)	dealt	dealt	traiter / gérer	25%
shrink	shrank	shrunk	rétrécir / se contracter	15%