Guía de verbos irregulares – Preparación TOEIC®
Flow Exam team
Introducción
Esta guía presenta un repertorio completo de los verbos irregulares en inglés, acompañado de una estimación (indicativa y no oficial, basada en nuestra experiencia práctica) de la frecuencia de aparición de cada verbo en el examen del TOEIC®.
El objetivo es permitirte identificar rápidamente qué verbos irregulares se repiten con mayor frecuencia en las preguntas del examen, para optimizar tu tiempo de repaso.
Este recurso constituye una base léxica indispensable para afrontar con tranquilidad el TOEIC®: dominar estas formas verbales te dará una ventaja significativa en la comprensión escrita y oral, especialmente en las secciones 5, 6 y 7.
Lista de verbos irregulares para el TOEIC®
| Verbo base | Pretérito (Simple Past) | Participio Pasado (Past Participle) | Traducción en español | Probabilidad TOEIC® |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abide | abode | abode | conformarse a / respetar | 10% |
| arise | arose | arisen | aparecer / presentarse | 20% |
| awake | awoke | awoken | despertar / despertarse | 15% |
| be | was/were | been | ser / estar | 95% |
| bear | bore | borne | soportar / aguantar | 25% |
| beat | beat | beaten | golpear / vencer | 30% |
| become | became | become | convertirse en / llegar a ser | 95% |
| begin | began | begun | empezar / comenzar | 80% |
| bend | bent | bent | doblar / torcer | 25% |
| bet | bet | bet | apostar | 20% |
| bid | bid | bid | pujar / ofrecer un precio | 15% |
| bind | bound | bound | atar / obligar | 20% |
| bite | bit | bitten | morder | 15% |
| bleed | bled | bled | sangrar / perder sangre | 10% |
| blow | blew | blown | soplar / explotar | 25% |
| break | broke | broken | romper / quebrar | 80% |
| breed | bred | bred | criar (animales) / reproducir | 15% |
| bring | brought | brought | traer / llevar | 95% |
| build | built | built | construir / edificar | 80% |
| burn | burnt | burnt | quemar / consumir | 20% |
| burst | burst | burst | explotar / reventar | 15% |
| buy | bought | bought | comprar / adquirir | 95% |
| cast | cast | cast | lanzar / repartir (roles) | 20% |
| catch | caught | caught | atrapar / agarrar | 80% |
| choose | chose | chosen | escoger / elegir | 50% |
| cling | clung | clung | aferrarse / pegarse | 15% |
| come | came | come | venir / llegar | 95% |
| cost | cost | cost | costar / valer | 80% |
| creep | crept | crept | arrastrarse / deslizarse | 15% |
| cut | cut | cut | cortar / tajar | 80% |
| deal | dealt | dealt | repartir / tratar | 25% |
| dig | dug | dug | cavar / excavar | 20% |
| do | did | done | hacer / realizar | 95% |
| draw | drew | drawn | dibujar / tirar | 50% |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | soñar / imaginar | 20% |
| drink | drank | drunk | beber / consumir | 50% |
| drive | drove | driven | conducir / manejar | 50% |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | residir / habitar | 10% |
| eat | ate | eaten | comer / alimentarse | 80% |
| fall | fell | fallen | caer / desplomarse | 50% |
| feed | fed | fed | alimentar / proveer | 30% |
| feel | felt | felt | sentir / experimentar | 80% |
| fight | fought | fought | luchar / combatir | 30% |
| find | found | found | encontrar / descubrir | 95% |
| flee | fled | fled | huir / escapar | 15% |
| fling | flung | flung | arrojar / lanzar violentamente | 10% |
| fly | flew | flown | volar / irse volando | 30% |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | prohibir / vedar | 20% |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | pronosticar / anticipar | 20% |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | prever / presentir | 15% |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | predecir / anunciar | 10% |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar / omitir | 50% |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | perdonar / disculpar | 25% |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonar / dejar | 15% |
| freeze | froze | frozen | congelar / helar | 30% |
| get | got | got | obtener / conseguir | 95% |
| give | gave | given | dar / regalar | 95% |
| go | went | gone | ir / marcharse | 95% |
| grind | ground | ground | moler / triturar | 15% |
| grow | grew | grown | crecer / cultivar | 50% |
| hang | hung | hung | colgar / suspender | 25% |
| have | had | had | tener / haber | 95% |
| hear | heard | heard | oír / escuchar | 80% |
| hide | hid | hidden | esconder / ocultar | 30% |
| hit | hit | hit | golpear / impactar | 50% |
| hold | held | held | sostener / mantener | 80% |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | herir / doler | 50% |
| keep | kept | kept | guardar / mantener | 80% |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | arrodillarse | 10% |
| knit | knit | knit | tejer | 10% |
| know | knew | known | saber / conocer | 95% |
| lay | laid | laid | poner / colocar | 30% |
| lead | led | led | dirigir / guiar | 50% |
| lean | leaned/leant | leaned/leant | inclinarse / apoyarse | 15% |
| leap | leaped/leapt | leaped/leapt | saltar / brincar | 20% |
| learn | learnt | learnt | aprender / estudiar | 50% |
| leave | left | left | irse / dejar | 80% |
| lend | lent | lent | prestar / adelantar | 30% |
| let | let | let | dejar / permitir | 80% |
| lie | lay | lain | estar acostado / yacer | 30% |
| light | lit | lit | encender / iluminar | 25% |
| lose | lost | lost | perder / extraviar | 80% |
| make | made | made | hacer / fabricar | 95% |
| mean | meant | meant | significar / querer decir | 80% |
| meet | met | met | encontrar / reunirse | 80% |
| mow | mowed | mown | cortar (césped) | 10% |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | superar / vencer | 30% |
| partake | partook | partaken | participar en / tomar parte | 10% |
| pay | paid | paid | pagar / liquidar | 95% |
| put | put | put | poner / colocar | 95% |
| quit | quit | quit | dejar / renunciar | 20% |
| read | read | read | leer / consultar | 80% |
| rid | rid | rid | librar / deshacerse de | 15% |
| ride | rode | ridden | montar (a caballo/bici) | 50% |
| ring | rang | rung | sonar / llamar por teléfono | 25% |
| rise | rose | risen | levantarse / ascender | 30% |
| run | ran | run | correr / administrar | 95% |
| saw | sawed | sawn | aserrar / cortar con sierra | 15% |
| say | said | said | decir / afirmar | 95% |
| see | saw | seen | ver / observar | 95% |
| seek | sought | sought | buscar / tratar de | 30% |
| sell | sold | sold | vender / comercializar | 80% |
| send | sent | sent | enviar / mandar | 80% |
| set | set | set | poner / establecer | 80% |
| sew | sewed | sewn | coser / zurcir | 15% |
| shake | shook | shaken | sacudir / temblar | 30% |
| shear | sheared | shorn | esquilar (ovejas) | 10% |
| shed | shed | shed | derramar / desprender (pelos) | 10% |
| shine | shone | shone | brillar / resplandecer | 20% |
| shoe | shod | shod | calzar / herrar | 10% |
| shoot | shot | shot | disparar / fotografiar | 30% |
| show | showed | shown | mostrar / enseñar | 50% |
| shut | shut | shut | cerrar / clausurar | 25% |
| sing | sang | sung | cantar / interpretar | 30% |
| sink | sank | sunk | hundir(se) / naufragar | 25% |
| sit | sat | sat | sentarse / sesionar | 80% |
| slay | slew | slain | matar / asesinar | 10% |
| sleep | slept | slept | dormir / reposar | 50% |
| slide | slid | slid | deslizarse / resbalar | 20% |
| slit | slit | slit | rajar / cortar | 15% |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | oler / olfatear | 25% |
| sow | sowed | sown | sembrar / plantar | 10% |
| speak | spoke | spoken | hablar / expresarse | 95% |
| speed | sped | sped | acelerar / darse prisa | 20% |
| spell | spelt | spelt | deletrear / escribir (una palabra) | 20% |
| spend | spent | spent | gastar / pasar (tiempo) | 80% |
| spill | spilt | spilt | derramar / regar | 15% |
| spin | spun | spun | girar / hilar (lana) | 20% |
| spit | spat/spit | spat/spit | escupir | 10% |
| split | split | split | dividir / separar | 20% |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | echar a perder / dañar | 15% |
| spread | spread | spread | extender / difundir | 25% |
| spring | sprang | sprung | saltar / brotar | 15% |
| stand | stood | stood | estar de pie / soportar | 80% |
| steal | stole | stolen | robar / hurtar | 30% |
| stick | stuck | stuck | pegar / adherir | 25% |
| sting | stung | stung | picar / aguijonear | 15% |
| stink | stank | stunk | apestar / oler mal | 10% |
| stride | strode | stridden | dar zancadas | 10% |
| strike | struck | struck | golpear / impactar | 30% |
| strive | strove | striven | esforzarse / luchar | 15% |
| swear | swore | sworn | jurar / prometer | 25% |
| sweep | swept | swept | barrer / limpiar | 20% |
| swell | swelled | swollen | hinchar(se) / inflar | 15% |
| swim | swam | swum | nadar / cruzar nadando | 25% |
| swing | swung | swung | balancearse / oscilar | 15% |
| take | took | taken | tomar / agarrar | 95% |
| teach | taught | taught | enseñar / instruir | 95% |
| tear | tore | torn | rasgar / arrancar | 25% |
| tell | told | told | contar / informar | 95% |
| think | thought | thought | pensar / reflexionar | 95% |
| throw | threw | thrown | lanzar / tirar | 50% |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | empujar / introducir a la fuerza | 10% |
| tread | trod | trodden | pisar / pisotear | 10% |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | someterse a / experimentar | 20% |
| understand | understood | understood | entender / comprender | 95% |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | emprender / encargarse de | 20% |
| upset | upset | upset | trastornar / contrariar | 15% |
| wake | woke | woken | despertar / despertar(se) | 30% |
| wear | wore | worn | usar (ropa) / desgastar | 50% |
| weave | wove | woven | tejer / entrelazar | 10% |
| weep | wept | wept | llorar / sollozar | 20% |
| win | won | won | ganar / obtener | 80% |
| wind | wound | wound | enrollar / dar cuerda | 15% |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | retirar / retirarse | 25% |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | retener / negar | 20% |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | resistir / soportar | 15% |
| wring | wrung | wrung | torcer / escurrir | 10% |
| write | wrote | written | escribir / redactar | 95% |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | transmitir / emitir | 20% |
| deal (with) | dealt | dealt | tratar con / manejar | 25% |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | encoger(se) / reducirse | 15% |
Conclusión
Para profundizar tu dominio de la gramática inglesa y maximizar tu puntuación en el TOEIC®, te sugerimos consultar estos recursos adicionales:
- 🔗 Guía completa de gramática inglesa para el TOEIC®
- 🔗 El pasado para el TOEIC® - presentación general
- 🔗 El presente para el TOEIC®
- 🔗 El futuro para el TOEIC®
¿Listo para pasar a la acción?
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