簡單現在式指南 – TOEIC® 準備
Flow Exam team
1. 簡單現在式的結構
1.1 如何對簡單現在式動詞進行變位
| I read | I do not (don't) read | Do I read? |
|---|---|---|
| You read | You do not (don't) read | Do you read? |
| He / She / It reads | He / She / It does not (doesn't) read | Does he / she / it read? |
| We read | We do not (don't) read | Do we read? |
| You read | You do not (don't) read | Do you read? |
| They read | They do not (don't) read | Do they read? |
務必避免的常見陷阱
- 在肯定句中,忘記在第三人稱單數(he / she / it)後加-s:除了助動詞外,所有動詞在此人稱都需要加 -s。
- 在疑問句和否定句中,在第三人稱單數的主動詞後加-s:
- Does she reads? ❌ → Does she read? ✅
- 與法語不同,絕不能在 they 後加-s:這個複數標記僅適用於 he / she / it。
- They reads ❌ → They read ✅
💡 助動詞 do / does(與動詞 DO - 做區分)是個“空助動詞”(dummy auxiliary)。它僅用於構成英語的疑問句和否定句結構,但本身不帶任何意義。
🚧 例外:助動詞 do / does 可用於表示強調或著重:I do appreciate your help. (我真的很感謝您的幫助。)
1.2 簡單現在式中 BE 和 HAVE 助動詞的結構
1.2.1 助動詞 BE (是) 的變位
使用be動詞/助動詞時,不需使用 do / does 助動詞來構成疑問句和否定句。
| I am … | I am not … | Am I …? |
|---|---|---|
| You are … | You are not … | Are you …? |
| He / She / It is … | He / She / It is not … | Is he / she / it …? |
| We are … | We are not … | Are we …? |
| You are … | You are not … | Are you …? |
| They are … | They are not … | Are they …? |
例外:某些帶有法語動詞avoir(有)的表達方式在英語中譯為BE動詞:She has 43 years old ❌ → She is 43 years old ✅ (她43歲)
- 法語表達“il y a”(在某些情況下是“您有”)在英語中譯為“there is” / “there are”:
- There is a black cat on the sidewalk - 人行道上有一隻黑貓
- 法語結構“c'est”或“ce sont”在英語中變為“It is”或“They are”。
- It is on your right - 它在你的右邊
1.2.2 助動詞 HAVE (有) 的變位
💡 與 "be" 不同,動詞 "have" 在構成疑問句和否定句時需要使用"do"助動詞。
| I have … | I do not (don't) have | Do I have …? |
|---|---|---|
| You have … | You do not (don't) have | Do you have …? |
| He / She / It has … | He / She / It does not (doesn't) have | Does he / she / it have …? |
| We have … | We do not (don't) have | Do we have …? |
| You have … | You do not (don't) have | Do you have …? |
| They have … | They do not (don't) have | Do they have …? |
2. 簡單現在式的用法
2.1. 一般狀態和永久情況
簡單現在式用於描述一般狀態和永久情況。具體來說,這意味著動作是習慣性地發生,或在未確定的時間發生,並且該動作沒有預定的時間限制。
- The sun rises in the east:永久狀態,因為太陽每天從東方升起。
- I like swimming:永久狀態,因為我喜歡游泳,而且這短期內很可能不會改變。
2.2. 習慣和重複性動作
簡單現在式也用於表達習慣性動作或日常慣例。這個時態經常與頻率副詞一起使用,以強調動作的重複性。
用於日常習慣:
- She wakes up at 6am every day
- They always eat dinner together as a family at 7pm
用於描述重複性動作:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
頻率標記詞
頻率副詞總是伴隨簡單現在式出現。以下是 TOEIC® 中最常見的副詞選擇:
- always (總是)
- occasionally (偶爾)
- rarely / seldom (很少)
- usually (通常)
- hardly ever (幾乎從不)
- often (經常)
- sometimes (有時)
- never (從不)
💡 副詞 always 有時也可與現在進行式一起使用(我們稍後會討論這一點)
頻率副詞在句子中的位置?
- 放在主動詞之前:She often visits her grandparents.
- 放在助動詞之後:We can usually meet during the afternoon.
2.3. 普遍真理和科學事實
簡單現在式也用於陳述科學事實或普遍真理。它表達了一種不隨時間改變的、普遍不變的現實。
- The Earth revolves around the Sun
- Gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth
2.4. 時間表和已規劃的事件
簡單現在式還可用於表達固定時間表和既定行程,例如交通或課程時間表,或典型的一天。它也可以用來指涉未來,特別是對於預先計劃好的事件。
- The train leaves at 9 o'clock:這可能意味著火車將在九點(未來)出發
- The movie starts at 8pm:這意味著電影將在晚上八點開始。
簡單現在式表達重複性和已安排好的動作。例如,“The train leaves at 9 o'clock” 這句話可以表示“將來火車九點開車”,也可以表示“火車每天九點開車”。
結論
如果您想深入了解現在時態,以便在 TOEIC® 考試中完美掌握這一時態,我們建議您查閱以下資源: