邏輯連接詞（亦稱為 “linking words” 或 “connectors”）的功能是 在觀念之間建立聯繫，並確保文本和口語的 連貫性。本指南將根據其交際功能，介紹主要的 連接詞類別。
1. 附加與列舉連接詞
這些詞彙用於 引入額外的元素、延續論證 或根據邏輯或層級順序 組織論點。
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| and | 和 | She enjoys cooking and experimenting with new recipes. |
| also | 也 | He manages the team; he also trains new employees. |
| as well | 也 | They offer online courses as well as in-person workshops. |
| in addition | 此外 | The hotel has a pool. In addition, it provides a fitness center. |
| moreover | 而且 | The product is expensive. Moreover, it requires constant maintenance. |
| furthermore | 再者 | We're behind schedule. Furthermore, the budget is insufficient. |
| besides | 此外 | I'm not interested in that job. Besides, the salary is too low. |
| first / firstly | 首先 | First, we'll review the project objectives. |
| second / secondly | 其次 | Second, let's discuss the implementation strategy. |
| third / thirdly | 第三 | Third, we must evaluate potential risks. |
| next | 接著 | Next, we'll allocate tasks to each team member. |
| then | 然後 | Then, we can proceed to the testing phase. |
| finally | 最後 | Finally, we'll present our findings to management. |
| lastly | 最後地 | Lastly, I'd like to thank all participants. |
| last but not least | 最後但同樣重要 | Last but not least, we need to consider customer feedback. |
注意事項
- “And” 是 最中性的連接詞，用於 連接兩個性質相同的元素。
- “Besides” 作為 介詞 時意為 “在...旁邊” (例如："The keys are beside the door.")，但作為 連接詞 時，意為 “此外／再者”。
- first/firstly、second/secondly 在語義上 等同，但 “-ly” 結尾的形式屬於 較正式的語域。
2. 原因與結果連接詞
這些詞彙表達 因果關係：它們闡明了 事件的來源（原因）或其 影響（結果）。
表達原因
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| because | parce que | We postponed the trip because the forecast predicted storms. |
| since | puisque / vu que | Since everyone has arrived, we can begin the presentation. |
| as | comme / étant donné que | As the deadline is approaching, we must accelerate production. |
| due to | en raison de | The delay was due to technical difficulties. |
| owing to | du fait de | Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the event has been rescheduled. |
表達結果
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 上下文範例 |
|---|
| so | donc / alors | The store was closed, so we went to another one. |
| therefore | par conséquent / donc | She demonstrated excellent skills; therefore, she received a promotion. |
| thus | ainsi / de ce fait | Costs have decreased; thus, profits have improved. |
| as a result | en conséquence | Demand surged. As a result, production capacity doubled. |
| consequently | par conséquent | The budget was cut. Consequently, several projects were abandoned. |
| hence | d'où / ainsi | He possessed unique expertise; hence, his recruitment by the firm. |
注意事項
- “So” 主要用於 口語 和 非正式場合。
- “Therefore”, “thus”, “consequently” 和 “hence” 屬於 正式語域，特別適用於 學術或專業寫作。
- “Due to” 和 “owing to” 後面接 名詞片語 或 動名詞：
- The cancellation was due to insufficient registrations.
- Owing to missing the train, she arrived late.
3. 條件連接詞
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| if | si | If you need assistance, don't hesitate to contact us. |
| unless | à moins que / sauf si | The meeting won't happen unless the director approves it. |
| provided (that) | à condition que | You may borrow my laptop provided (that) you handle it carefully. |
| providing (that) | pourvu que | We'll reach our targets providing (that) everyone contributes. |
| as long as | tant que / du moment que | You can use the facilities as long as you follow the rules. |
| on condition that | à condition que | They'll invest on condition that we present solid guarantees. |
| in case | au cas où / si jamais | Bring extra batteries in case your phone dies. |
注意事項
- “Unless” 表達 否定條件（“如果...不...”）：
- “I won't attend unless...” = “我不會參加，除非...”
- “Provided (that)” 和 “providing (that)” 可以互換，儘管 “provided that” 在 正式文本 中更常見。
4. 轉折與讓步連接詞
表達轉折
| 連接詞 | 中文翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| but | 但是 | The solution seems simple, but implementation is complex. |
| however | 然而 / 不過 | The weather was poor; however, attendance remained high. |
| yet | 然而 / 儘管如此 | The instructions appeared clear, yet many made mistakes. |
| nevertheless | 儘管如此 / 仍然 | Funding was limited; nevertheless, the project succeeded. |
| nonetheless | 儘管如此 | Reviews were mixed; nonetheless, sales exceeded expectations. |
| still | 然而 / 不過 | He acknowledged his error; still, he refused to apologize. |
| whereas | 然而 / 相較之下 | She thrives in teamwork, whereas he prefers working independently. |
| while | 然而 | While some favor innovation, others prioritize stability. |
| on the other hand | 另一方面 / 再者 | Remote work offers flexibility; on the other hand, it can feel isolating. |
表達讓步
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| although | although / though | Although resources were scarce, they completed the mission. |
| even though | even though | She maintained her composure even though the situation was stressful. |
| though | though | Though preparation was rushed, the presentation went smoothly. |
| despite | despite | Despite technical issues, the conference was a success. |
| in spite of | in spite of | In spite of limited experience, he demonstrated remarkable skill. |
| even if | even if | We'll proceed even if obstacles arise. |
注意事項
- “But” 是最常用且最 中性的轉折連接詞。
- “Though” 在 口語 中可以放在 句尾：
- It was challenging, though.
- “Despite” 和 “in spite of” 後面接 名詞 或 動名詞：
- Despite the obstacles, they persevered.
- In spite of feeling exhausted, she completed the marathon.
5. 目的連接詞
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| to | pour / afin de | She studies diligently to secure a scholarship. |
| in order to | afin de / dans le but de | They arrived early in order to secure good seats. |
| so as to | de manière à | We documented everything so as to ensure transparency. |
| so that | afin que / pour que | Speak clearly so that everyone can follow your explanation. |
| in order that | afin que | We scheduled multiple sessions in order that all staff could attend. |
注意事項
- “To” 是表達 目的 的 最簡形式，通常 後面接不帶 “to” 的動詞原形（基本形式）。
- “So that” 和 “in order that” 引導一個 完整的子句，包含 主語 和 動詞：
- I repeated the instructions so that no one would be confused.
6. 舉例說明連接詞
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| for example | par exemple | Certain industries, for example, healthcare, are experiencing rapid growth. |
| for instance | par exemple | Many platforms, for instance, LinkedIn, facilitate professional networking. |
| such as | tel que / comme | He enjoys creative hobbies such as photography and painting. |
| like | comme | She appreciates classic authors like Austen and Dickens. |
| e.g. (exempli gratia) | par exemple (abrév.) | Consider citrus fruits (e.g., lemons, grapefruits, limes). |
| specifically | spécifiquement / notamment | The program targets vulnerable populations, specifically elderly individuals. |
| to illustrate | pour illustrer | To illustrate, examine this case study from 2023. |
注意事項
- “Such as” 和 “like” 直接引導 具體範例，無需特殊標點符號。
- “e.g.” 是一個 拉丁文縮寫，在 學術或技術文本 中較受青睞，通常 放在括號內。
- “For example” 和 “for instance” 完全 可以互換，用於 引出說明。
7. 總結與結論連接詞
| 連接詞 | 翻譯 | 情境範例 |
|---|
| in conclusion | 總而言之 | In conclusion, both approaches present distinct advantages. |
| to sum up | 總結來說 | To sum up, we require additional funding to proceed. |
| in summary | 總結來說 | In summary, the initiative has exceeded initial expectations. |
| all in all | 總而言之 | All in all, the collaboration proved highly productive. |
| overall | 總體而言 | Overall, customer satisfaction has improved significantly. |
| to conclude | 總結來說 | To conclude, let's establish clear action items. |
| briefly | 簡而言之 | Briefly, performance indicators show positive trends. |
| in short | 簡而言之 | In short, we need a more agile approach. |
注意事項
- “In conclusion” 和 “to conclude” 屬於 正式語域，適用於 專業簡報 或 寫作。
- “All in all” 和 “in short” 較為 非正式，常用於 口語。
結論
邏輯連接詞 是組織英語話語不可或缺的工具。它們確保論證的 清晰度、流暢性 和 連貫性。對於 TOEIC® 而言，掌握這些連接詞至關重要，特別是在 閱讀 部分，它們有助於理解 觀念之間的邏輯關係；在 聽力 部分，它們則有助於 跟上對話或演講的論述脈絡。
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