简单现在时指南 – TOEIC® 备考
Flow Exam team
1. 简单现在时的构成
1.1 如何对简单现在时的动词进行变位
| I read | I do not (don't) read | Do I read? |
|---|---|---|
| You read | You do not (don't) read | Do you read? |
| He / She / It reads | He / She / It does not (doesn't) read | Does he / she / it read? |
| We read | We do not (don't) read | Do we read? |
| You read | You do not (don't) read | Do you read? |
| They read | They do not (don't) read | Do they read? |
必须绝对避免的常见陷阱
- 在陈述句中,忘记在第三人称单数(he / she / it)后加-s:除情态动词外,所有动词在此人称下都要加-s。
- She read ❌ → She reads ✅
- 在疑问句和否定句中,在第三人称单数的主动词后加-s:
- Does she reads? ❌ → Does she read? ✅
- 与法语不同,绝不要在 they 后面加-s:这个复数标记只适用于 he / she / it。
- They reads ❌ → They read ✅
💡 助动词 do / does(需与动词 DO - 做区分)是一个“空助动词”(dummy auxiliary)。它仅用于构成英语中的疑问结构和否定结构,但本身不携带任何含义。
🚧 例外:助动词 do / does 可用于表示强调或着重:I do appreciate your help. (我真的非常感谢您的帮助。)
1.2 简单现在时中 BE 和 HAVE 助动词的构成
1.2.1 助动词 BE(是)的变位
| I am … | I am not … | Am I …? |
|---|---|---|
| You are … | You are not … | Are you …? |
| He / She / It is … | He / She / It is not … | Is he / she / it …? |
| We are … | We are not … | Are we …? |
| You are … | You are not … | Are you …? |
| They are … | They are not … | Are they …? |
使用be动词/助动词时,没有必要使用 do / does 助动词来构成疑问句和否定句。
例外:一些法语中用avoir(有)表达的短语在英语中要用BE动词来翻译:She has 43 years old ❌ → She is 43 years old ✅ (她43岁了)
- 法语表达“il y a”(在某些语境中是“您有”)在英语中翻译为“there is” / “there are”:
- There is a black cat on the sidewalk - 人行道上有一只黑猫
- 法语结构“c'est”或“ce sont”在英语中变为“It is”或“They are”。
- It is on your right - 它在你的右边
1.2.2 助动词 HAVE(有)的变位
| I have … | I do not (don't) have | Do I have …? |
|---|---|---|
| You have … | You do not (don't) have | Do you have …? |
| He / She / It has … | He / She / It does not (doesn't) have | Does he / she / it have …? |
| We have … | We do not (don't) have | Do we have …? |
| You have … | You do not (don't) have | Do you have …? |
| They have … | They do not (don't) have | Do they have …? |
💡 与 "be" 不同,动词 "have" 在构成疑问句和否定句时需要使用"do" 助动词。
2. 简单现在时的用法
2.1. 一般状态和永久性情况
简单现在时用于描述一般状态和永久性情况。具体来说,这意味着动作是习惯性地发生,或在未确定的时间点发生,并且该动作没有预定的时间限制。
- The sun rises in the east:永久状态,因为太阳每天都从东方升起。
- I like swimming:永久状态,因为我喜欢游泳,而且这短期内很可能不会改变。
2.2. 习惯和重复性动作
简单现在时也用于表达习惯性动作或日常惯例。这个时态经常与频率副词一起使用,以强调动作的重复性。
用于日常习惯:
- She wakes up at 6am every day
- They always eat dinner together as a family at 7pm
用于描述重复性动作:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
频率标记
频率副词系统地伴随简单现在时使用。以下是 TOEIC® 中最常见的副词选择:
- always (总是)
- occasionally (偶尔)
- rarely / seldom (很少)
- usually (通常)
- hardly ever (几乎从不)
- often (经常)
- sometimes (有时)
- never (从不)
💡 副词 always 有时也可以与现在进行时一起使用(我们稍后会讨论这一点)
频率副词在句子中的位置?
- 放在主动词之前:She often visits her grandparents.
- 放在助动词之后:We can usually meet during the afternoon.
2.3. 普遍真理和科学事实
简单现在时也用于陈述科学事实或普遍真理。它表达的是一个不随时间变化的、普遍且永恒的现实。
- The Earth revolves around the Sun
- Gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth
2.4. 时间表和已计划的事件
简单现在时还可以用来表达固定的时刻表和既定的日程,例如交通或课程时间表,或典型的一天。它也可以用来指代将来,特别是对于提前计划好的事件。
- The train leaves at 9 o'clock:这可以表示火车(将来)在九点出发
- The movie starts at 8pm:这意味着电影将在晚上八点开始。
简单现在时表达重复性和已安排的动作。例如,“The train leaves at 9 o'clock” 这句话可以表示“将来火车将在九点出发”,也可以表示“火车每天九点出发”。
结论
如果您想深入了解现在时,以便为您的 TOEIC® 考试完美掌握这个时态,我们建议您查阅以下资源: