Hướng dẫn về động từ bất quy tắc – Chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi TOEIC®
Flow Exam team
Giới thiệu
Hướng dẫn này trình bày một bảng tổng hợp đầy đủ các động từ bất quy tắc trong tiếng Anh, kèm theo ước tính (mang tính tham khảo và không chính thức, được thiết lập dựa trên kinh nghiệm thực tế của chúng tôi) về tần suất xuất hiện của mỗi động từ trong kỳ thi TOEIC®.
Mục đích là để bạn nhanh chóng xác định được những động từ bất quy tắc nào thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các câu hỏi của bài kiểm tra, nhằm tối ưu hóa thời gian ôn tập.
Tài nguyên này là một nền tảng từ vựng thiết yếu để bạn tự tin bước vào kỳ thi TOEIC®: nắm vững các dạng động từ này sẽ giúp bạn có lợi thế hơn trong việc hiểu các phần đọc và nghe, đặc biệt là các phần 5, 6 và 7.
Danh sách các động từ bất quy tắc cho kỳ thi TOEIC®
| Động từ gốc | Thì Quá khứ đơn (Prétérit) | Quá khứ phân từ (Participe passé) | Nghĩa tiếng Pháp | Xác suất TOEIC® |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abide | abode | abode | se conformer à / respecter | 10% |
| arise | arose | arisen | apparaître / se présenter | 20% |
| awake | awoke | awoken | éveiller / se réveiller | 15% |
| be | was/were | been | être | 95% |
| bear | bore | borne | supporter / endurer | 25% |
| beat | beat | beaten | frapper / battre | 30% |
| become | became | become | devenir | 95% |
| begin | began | begun | débuter / commencer | 80% |
| bend | bent | bent | courber / fléchir | 25% |
| bet | bet | bet | miser / parier | 20% |
| bid | bid | bid | enchérir / proposer un prix | 15% |
| bind | bound | bound | lier / contraindre | 20% |
| bite | bit | bitten | mordre | 15% |
| bleed | bled | bled | saigner / perdre du sang | 10% |
| blow | blew | blown | souffler / exploser | 25% |
| break | broke | broken | briser / rompre | 80% |
| breed | bred | bred | reproduire / élever (animaux) | 15% |
| bring | brought | brought | amener / apporter | 95% |
| build | built | built | bâtir / édifier | 80% |
| burn | burnt | burnt | brûler / consumer | 20% |
| burst | burst | burst | exploser / éclater | 15% |
| buy | bought | bought | acheter / acquérir | 95% |
| cast | cast | cast | jeter / distribuer (rôles) | 20% |
| catch | caught | caught | attraper / saisir | 80% |
| choose | chose | chosen | sélectionner / choisir | 50% |
| cling | clung | clung | s'agripper / se cramponner | 15% |
| come | came | come | venir / arriver | 95% |
| cost | cost | cost | coûter / valoir | 80% |
| creep | crept | crept | ramper / se glisser | 15% |
| cut | cut | cut | couper / trancher | 80% |
| deal | dealt | dealt | distribuer / traiter | 25% |
| dig | dug | dug | creuser / fouiller | 20% |
| do | did | done | faire / accomplir | 95% |
| draw | drew | drawn | dessiner / tirer | 50% |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | rêver / imaginer | 20% |
| drink | drank | drunk | boire / consommer | 50% |
| drive | drove | driven | conduire / piloter | 50% |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | résider / habiter | 10% |
| eat | ate | eaten | manger / se nourrir | 80% |
| fall | fell | fallen | tomber / chuter | 50% |
| feed | fed | fed | nourrir / alimenter | 30% |
| feel | felt | felt | ressentir / éprouver | 80% |
| fight | fought | fought | combattre / se battre | 30% |
| find | found | found | trouver / découvrir | 95% |
| flee | fled | fled | fuir / s'échapper | 15% |
| fling | flung | flung | jeter / lancer violemment | 10% |
| fly | flew | flown | voler / s'envoler | 30% |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | interdire / prohiber | 20% |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | prédire / anticiper | 20% |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | prévoir / anticiper | 15% |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | prédire / annoncer | 10% |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | oublier / omettre | 50% |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | pardonner / excuser | 25% |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonner / délaisser | 15% |
| freeze | froze | frozen | geler / congeler | 30% |
| get | got | got | obtenir / recevoir | 95% |
| give | gave | given | donner / offrir | 95% |
| go | went | gone | aller / partir | 95% |
| grind | ground | ground | moudre / broyer | 15% |
| grow | grew | grown | grandir / croître | 50% |
| hang | hung | hung | suspendre / accrocher | 25% |
| have | had | had | avoir / posséder | 95% |
| hear | heard | heard | entendre / écouter | 80% |
| hide | hid | hidden | cacher / dissimuler | 30% |
| hit | hit | hit | frapper / heurter | 50% |
| hold | held | held | tenir / maintenir | 80% |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | blesser / faire mal | 50% |
| keep | kept | kept | garder / conserver | 80% |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | s'agenouiller / se mettre à genoux | 10% |
| knit | knit | knit | tricoter / tisser | 10% |
| know | knew | known | savoir / connaître | 95% |
| lay | laid | laid | poser / déposer | 30% |
| lead | led | led | diriger / mener | 50% |
| lean | leaned/leant | leaned/leant | s'appuyer / se pencher | 15% |
| leap | leaped/leapt | leaped/leapt | bondir / sauter | 20% |
| learn | learnt | learnt | apprendre / étudier | 50% |
| leave | left | left | partir / quitter | 80% |
| lend | lent | lent | prêter / avancer | 30% |
| let | let | let | laisser / permettre | 80% |
| lie | lay | lain | être allongé / reposer | 30% |
| light | lit | lit | allumer / éclairer | 25% |
| lose | lost | lost | perdre / égarer | 80% |
| make | made | made | fabriquer / créer | 95% |
| mean | meant | meant | signifier / vouloir dire | 80% |
| meet | met | met | rencontrer / retrouver | 80% |
| mow | mowed | mown | tondre (pelouse) | 10% |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | surmonter / vaincre | 30% |
| partake | partook | partaken | participer à / prendre part | 10% |
| pay | paid | paid | payer / régler | 95% |
| put | put | put | placer / mettre | 95% |
| quit | quit | quit | quitter / arrêter | 20% |
| read | read | read | lire / consulter | 80% |
| rid | rid | rid | débarrasser / libérer | 15% |
| ride | rode | ridden | chevaucher / faire du vélo | 50% |
| ring | rang | rung | sonner / téléphoner | 25% |
| rise | rose | risen | se lever / monter | 30% |
| run | ran | run | courir / gérer | 95% |
| saw | sawed | sawn | scier / découper | 15% |
| say | said | said | dire / affirmer | 95% |
| see | saw | seen | voir / observer | 95% |
| seek | sought | sought | chercher / rechercher | 30% |
| sell | sold | sold | vendre / commercialiser | 80% |
| send | sent | sent | envoyer / expédier | 80% |
| set | set | set | fixer / établir | 80% |
| sew | sewed | sewn | coudre / assembler | 15% |
| shake | shook | shaken | secouer / trembler | 30% |
| shear | sheared | shorn | tondre (moutons) | 10% |
| shed | shed | shed | perdre (poils, feuilles) / verser | 10% |
| shine | shone | shone | briller / rayonner | 20% |
| shoe | shod | shod | chausser / ferrer | 10% |
| shoot | shot | shot | tirer / photographier | 30% |
| show | showed | shown | montrer / présenter | 50% |
| shut | shut | shut | fermer / clore | 25% |
| sing | sang | sung | chanter / interpréter | 30% |
| sink | sank | sunk | couler / sombrer | 25% |
| sit | sat | sat | s'asseoir / siéger | 80% |
| slay | slew | slain | tuer / assassiner | 10% |
| sleep | slept | slept | dormir / sommeiller | 50% |
| slide | slid | slid | glisser / déraper | 20% |
| slit | slit | slit | fendre / inciser | 15% |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | sentir / flairer | 25% |
| sow | sowed | sown | semer / planter | 10% |
| speak | spoke | spoken | parler / s'exprimer | 95% |
| speed | sped | sped | accélérer / se dépêcher | 20% |
| spell | spelt | spelt | épeler / orthographier | 20% |
| spend | spent | spent | dépenser / passer (temps) | 80% |
| spill | spilt | spilt | renverser / répandre | 15% |
| spin | spun | spun | tourner / filer (laine) | 20% |
| spit | spat/spit | spat/spit | cracher / expectorer | 10% |
| split | split | split | diviser / séparer | 20% |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | gâter / abîmer | 15% |
| spread | spread | spread | étaler / diffuser | 25% |
| spring | sprang | sprung | jaillir / bondir | 15% |
| stand | stood | stood | se tenir debout / supporter | 80% |
| steal | stole | stolen | voler / dérober | 30% |
| stick | stuck | stuck | coller / adhérer | 25% |
| sting | stung | stung | piquer / brûler | 15% |
| stink | stank | stunk | puer / sentir mauvais | 10% |
| stride | strode | stridden | marcher à grandes enjambées | 10% |
| strike | struck | struck | frapper / heurter | 30% |
| strive | strove | striven | s'efforcer / lutter | 15% |
| swear | swore | sworn | jurer / promettre | 25% |
| sweep | swept | swept | balayer / nettoyer | 20% |
| swell | swelled | swollen | gonfler / enfler | 15% |
| swim | swam | swum | nager / traverser à la nage | 25% |
| swing | swung | swung | se balancer / osciller | 15% |
| take | took | taken | prendre / saisir | 95% |
| teach | taught | taught | enseigner / instruire | 95% |
| tear | tore | torn | déchirer / arracher | 25% |
| tell | told | told | raconter / informer | 95% |
| think | thought | thought | penser / réfléchir | 95% |
| throw | threw | thrown | lancer / jeter | 50% |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | enfoncer / pousser | 10% |
| tread | trod | trodden | marcher sur / piétiner | 10% |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | subir / traverser | 20% |
| understand | understood | understood | comprendre / saisir | 95% |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | entreprendre / se charger de | 20% |
| upset | upset | upset | bouleverser / contrarier | 15% |
| wake | woke | woken | réveiller / éveiller | 30% |
| wear | wore | worn | porter (vêtements) / user | 50% |
| weave | wove | woven | tisser / entrelacer | 10% |
| weep | wept | wept | pleurer / verser des larmes | 20% |
| win | won | won | gagner / remporter | 80% |
| wind | wound | wound | enrouler / remonter (mécanisme) | 15% |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | retirer / se retirer | 25% |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | retenir / refuser | 20% |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | résister à / supporter | 15% |
| wring | wrung | wrung | tordre / essorer | 10% |
| write | wrote | written | écrire / rédiger | 95% |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | diffuser / émettre | 20% |
| deal (with) | dealt | dealt | traiter / gérer | 25% |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | rétrécir / se contracter | 15% |