Bağlaçlar Kılavuzu – TOEIC® Hazırlığı

Mantıksal bağlaçlar, aynı zamanda "linking words" veya "connectors" olarak da adlandırılır, fikirler arasında bağlantı kurmak ve metinsel ile sözel tutarlılığı sağlamak işlevine sahiptir. Bu kılavuz, iletişimsel işlevlerine göre sınıflandırılmış ana bağlaç kategorilerini sunmaktadır.

1. Toplama ve Sıralama Bağlaçları

Bu terimler, ek bir öğe tanıtmak, bir akıl yürütmeyi sürdürmek veya argümanları mantıksal ya da hiyerarşik bir ilerlemeye göre düzenlemek için kullanılır.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
and	ve	She enjoys cooking and experimenting with new recipes.
also	ayrıca	He manages the team; he also trains new employees.
as well	aynı zamanda / ayrıca	They offer online courses as well as in-person workshops.
in addition	ek olarak / bunun yanında	The hotel has a pool. In addition, it provides a fitness center.
moreover	dahası	The product is expensive. Moreover, it requires constant maintenance.
furthermore	ayrıca	We're behind schedule. Furthermore, the budget is insufficient.
besides	ayrıca / bunun yanı sıra	I'm not interested in that job. Besides, the salary is too low.
first / firstly	birincisi	First, we'll review the project objectives.
second / secondly	ikincisi	Second, let's discuss the implementation strategy.
third / thirdly	üçüncüsü	Third, we must evaluate potential risks.
next	sonra / ardından	Next, we'll allocate tasks to each team member.
then	sonra / ondan sonra	Then, we can proceed to the testing phase.
finally	son olarak / nihayet	Finally, we'll present our findings to management.
lastly	son olarak	Lastly, I'd like to thank all participants.
last but not least	son olarak ama en az o kadar önemli	Last but not least, we need to consider customer feedback.

Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Noktalar

"And", aynı nitelikteki iki öğeyi birleştirmek için en nötr bağlaçtır.
"Besides", "yanında" anlamında edat olarak işlev görür (örn. "The keys are beside the door."), ancak bağlaç olarak "ayrıca / bunun dışında" anlamına gelir.
first/firstly, second/secondly varyantları anlamsal olarak eşdeğerdir, ancak "-ly" formu daha resmi bir üsluba aittir.

2. Neden ve Sonuç Bağlaçları

Bu kelimeler nedensel ilişkileri ifade eder: bir olayın kaynağını (neden) veya etkisini (sonuç) belirtirler.

Neden İfade Etmek

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
because	parce que	We postponed the trip because the forecast predicted storms.
since	puisque / vu que	Since everyone has arrived, we can begin the presentation.
as	comme / étant donné que	As the deadline is approaching, we must accelerate production.
due to	en raison de	The delay was due to technical difficulties.
owing to	du fait de	Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the event has been rescheduled.

Sonuç İfade Etmek

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
so	donc / alors	The store was closed, so we went to another one.
therefore	par conséquent / donc	She demonstrated excellent skills; therefore, she received a promotion.
thus	ainsi / de ce fait	Costs have decreased; thus, profits have improved.
as a result	en conséquence	Demand surged. As a result, production capacity doubled.
consequently	par conséquent	The budget was cut. Consequently, several projects were abandoned.
hence	d'où / ainsi	He possessed unique expertise; hence, his recruitment by the firm.

Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Noktalar

"So" esas olarak sözlü dilde ve gayri resmi bağlamlarda kullanılır.
"Therefore", "thus", "consequently" ve "hence" resmi bir üsluba aittir ve özellikle akademik veya profesyonel yazımda uygundur.
"But" en yaygın ve en nötr karşıtlık bağlacıdır.
"Though" samimi bir üslupta cümle sonunda yer alabilir:
- It was challenging, though.
"So that" ve "in order that" özne ve çekimli fiil içeren tam bir cümle başlatır:

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
if	si	If you need assistance, don't hesitate to contact us.
unless	à moins que / sauf si	The meeting won't happen unless the director approves it.
provided (that)	à condition que	You may borrow my laptop provided (that) you handle it carefully.
providing (that)	pourvu que	We'll reach our targets providing (that) everyone contributes.
as long as	tant que / du moment que	You can use the facilities as long as you follow the rules.
on condition that	à condition que	They'll invest on condition that we present solid guarantees.
in case	au cas où / si jamais	Bring extra batteries in case your phone dies.

I repeated the instructions so that no one would be confused.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
but	ama	The solution seems simple, but implementation is complex.
however	ancak / bununla birlikte	The weather was poor; however, attendance remained high.
yet	yine de / buna rağmen	The instructions appeared clear, yet many made mistakes.
nevertheless	bununla birlikte / her şeye rağmen	Funding was limited; nevertheless, the project succeeded.
nonetheless	bununla birlikte	Reviews were mixed; nonetheless, sales exceeded expectations.
still	yine de / yine de	He acknowledged his error; still, he refused to apologize.
whereas	iken / oysa	She thrives in teamwork, whereas he prefers working independently.
while	iken	While some favor innovation, others prioritize stability.
on the other hand	diğer yandan / öte yandan	Remote work offers flexibility; on the other hand, it can feel isolating.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
although	bien que / quoique	Although resources were scarce, they completed the mission.
even though	même si	She maintained her composure even though the situation was stressful.
though	bien que	Though preparation was rushed, the presentation went smoothly.
despite	malgré	Despite technical issues, the conference was a success.
in spite of	en dépit de	In spite of limited experience, he demonstrated remarkable skill.
even if	même si	We'll proceed even if obstacles arise.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
to	için / amacıyla	She studies diligently to secure a scholarship.
in order to	amacıyla / maksadıyla	They arrived early in order to secure good seats.
so as to	şeklinde / üzere	We documented everything so as to ensure transparency.
so that	diye / böylece	Speak clearly so that everyone can follow your explanation.
in order that	diye / böylece	We scheduled multiple sessions in order that all staff could attend.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
for example	par exemple	Certain industries, for example, healthcare, are experiencing rapid growth.
for instance	par exemple	Many platforms, for instance, LinkedIn, facilitate professional networking.
such as	tel que / comme	He enjoys creative hobbies such as photography and painting.
like	comme	She appreciates classic authors like Austen and Dickens.
e.g. (exempli gratia)	par exemple (abrév.)	Consider citrus fruits (e.g., lemons, grapefruits, limes).
specifically	spécifiquement / notamment	The program targets vulnerable populations, specifically elderly individuals.
to illustrate	pour illustrer	To illustrate, examine this case study from 2023.

Bağlaç	Çeviri	Bağlamsal Örnek
in conclusion	en conclusion	In conclusion, both approaches present distinct advantages.
to sum up	pour résumer	To sum up, we require additional funding to proceed.
in summary	en résumé	In summary, the initiative has exceeded initial expectations.
all in all	tout compte fait	All in all, the collaboration proved highly productive.
overall	globalement / dans l'ensemble	Overall, customer satisfaction has improved significantly.
to conclude	pour conclure	To conclude, let's establish clear action items.
briefly	brièvement	Briefly, performance indicators show positive trends.
in short	en bref / bref	In short, we need a more agile approach.