İngilizce Edatlar Rehberi – TOEIC® Hazırlığı

İngilizcede bir edat (preposition), bir isim (veya zamir) ile cümlenin diğer unsurları arasında bir bağ kuran bir terim (veya terimler kümesi) ifade eder. Konum, zamanlama, yönelim, sebep, aitlik, eylemi yapan ve daha birçok ilişkiyi ifade etmeye olanak tanır.

The book is on the table. (on edatı, book ile table arasında konumu belirtmek için bir bağlantı kurar.)

Genellikle edat doğrudan isim veya zamirden önce gelir. Bununla birlikte, modern İngilizce bazen cümlenin bir edatla bitmesine, özellikle de günlük dilde ve bazı deyimsel ifadelerde izin verir.

What are you looking for? (Yaygın bir ifade, sonda edata izin verir)
This is the house in which I grew up. (Daha resmi bir yapı, cümlenin sonunda edattan kaçınılır)

1. Mekan Edatları (Spatial Prepositions)

Mekan edatları, bir kişinin veya nesnenin uzayda nerede bulunduğunu belirtir.

Edat	Anlam	Örnek
in	Kapalı bir alanda	She is in the room.
on	Düz bir yüzeyde	The book is on the table.
at	Belirli bir yerde	We met at the bus stop.
above	Üstünde (temassız)	The painting is above the fireplace.
over	Üstünde (örtme/kaplama ile)	She put a blanket over the baby.
below	Altında (temassız)	The temperature is below zero.
under	Altında (temas mümkün)	The shoes are under the bed.
beneath	Altında (edebi terim)	He hid the letter beneath his pillow.
between	İki varlık arasında	She sat between her two friends.
among	Birçok şeyin ortasında	He was among the crowd.
amid	Ortasında (resmi terim)	They remained calm amid the chaos.
inside	İçeride	She is inside the house.
outside	Dışarıda	He waited outside the building.
near	Yakınında	The school is near the park.
next to	Yanında	She sat next to me.
beside	Yanında (eş anlamlı)	He placed his bag beside the chair.
by	Yanında, civarında	The house is by the river.
adjacent to	Bitişiğinde	The café is adjacent to the bookstore.
behind	Arkada	The car is behind the truck.
in front of	Önünde	He stood in front of the mirror.
before	Önünde (sıra veya zaman)	She arrived before noon.
underneath	Altında (daha gizli)	The keys were underneath the papers.
opposite	Karşısında	The restaurant is opposite the cinema.
within	İçinde, sınırları dahilinde	The package will arrive within two days.
without	Sızın	He left without his keys.
against	Bir yüzeye karşı	She leaned against the wall.
alongside	Boyunca, paralel olarak	The ship sailed alongside the coast.

Edat	Anlam	Örnek
in	Aylar, yıllar, yüzyıllar, günün saatleri için	We met in July.
on	Günler, kesin tarihler ve etkinlikler için	The meeting is on Monday.
at	Kesin saatler ve anlar için	I will see you at 5 PM.
by	Bir son teslim tarihinden önce	Finish the report by Friday.
before	Belirli bir andan önce	I arrived before noon.
after	Belirli bir andan sonra	Let's meet after lunch.
until	Belirli bir ana kadar	She stayed until midnight.
till	Bir ana kadar (daha gayriresmi)	I'll wait till you arrive.
since	Zaman içinde bir noktadan beri	I have lived here since 2010.
for	Bir süre boyunca	They traveled for two months.
during	Bir dönem boyunca	It rained during the night.
within	Bir zaman dilimi içinde	The package will arrive within 24 hours.
from	Bir dönemin başlangıcı	We worked from 9 AM to 5 PM.
to	Bir dönemin sonu	The shop is open from Monday to Friday.
between	İki zaman arasındaki aralık	The event takes place between 3 PM and 5 PM.
around	Yaklaşık olarak	He arrived around noon.
about	Yaklaşık	The class starts about 10 AM.
past	Bir saatten sonra	It's past midnight.
up to	Bir ana kadar	The offer is valid up to the end of the month.
as of	İtibarıyla	The policy applies as of next year.
throughout	Tüm bir dönem boyunca	The song played throughout the concert.
over	Bir dönem boyunca	He stayed over the weekend.
ahead of	Önce (daha resmi)	We must plan ahead of the deadline.

Edat	Anlam	Örnek
across	Bir taraftan diğer tarafa	He walked across the street.
through	Kapalı bir alandan geçerek	The train passed through the tunnel.
along	Boyunca	We walked along the beach.
onto	Bir yüzeye doğru	He jumped onto the table.
into	İç mekana doğru	She went into the room.
out of	İçinden çıkmak	He got out of the car.
from	Hareketin başlangıç noktası	He came from London.
towards	Yönünde	She ran towards the exit.
to	Bir varış noktasına	We are going to Paris.
off	Bir yüzeyden ayrılmak	She fell off the chair.
up	Yukarı çıkmak	He climbed up the ladder.
down	Aşağı inmek	She walked down the stairs.
beyond	Ötesinde	The town is beyond the hills.
past	Önünden geçmek	She walked past the bank.
around	Etrafında	They traveled around the world.

Edat	Anlam	Örnek
with	Eşlik etme, bir araç kullanma, tarz	She wrote with a pen. / I went to the party with my friends.
without	Bir şeyin yokluğu	He left without his phone.
by	Bir eylemin faili (edilgen), ulaşım aracı, yakınlık	The book was written by Shakespeare. / We traveled by car.
about	Bir tartışmanın konusu veya yaklaşıklık	We talked about the new project. / There were about 50 people in the room.
like	Karşılaştırma	She runs like a cheetah.
as	İşlev, rol, karşılaştırma	He works as a teacher. / Do it as I showed you.
except	Bir öğenin hariç tutulması	Everyone came except John.
apart from	Bağlama göre "hariç" veya "ek olarak"	Apart from English, he speaks Spanish.
instead of	Alternatif	Take tea instead of coffee.
according to	Bir bilginin kaynağı	According to the news, it's going to rain.
because of	Bir olayın nedeni	The flight was delayed because of the storm.
due to	"because of"un daha resmi formu	The delay was due to technical issues.
owing to	Neden (resmi/yüksek dil)	The match was canceled owing to heavy rain.
thanks to	Olumlu neden	We succeeded thanks to your help.
in spite of	Zıtlık/Karşıtlık	He finished the race in spite of his injury.
despite	"in spite of"un eş anlamlısı	She won despite the difficulties.
instead	Yerine geçme ("of" olmadan)	I didn't take the bus. I walked instead.
unlike	Farklılık	Unlike his brother, he loves sports.
contrary to	Bir inanca göre zıtlık	Contrary to popular belief, bats are not blind.
regarding	Bir belgenin veya tartışmanın konusu	I have a question regarding your proposal.
concerning	"regarding"in eş anlamlısı	He called me concerning the contract.
apart	Ayrılma	They live far apart from each other.
toward(s)	Soyut niyet veya yön	His attitude towards work has changed.
beyond	Aşılmış sınır (mecazi veya mekansal)	This problem is beyond my understanding.
against	Muhalefet veya fiziksel temas	They are against the new policy. / She leaned against the wall.
per	Sıklık veya oran	He earns $20 per hour.
via	Aracılık veya bir noktadan geçiş	We traveled to Italy via Paris.
as for	Farklı bir konuyu tanıtmak için	As for the budget, we need to cut costs.
as well as	Toplama/Ek	She speaks French as well as Spanish.
rather than	Tercih	I would stay home rather than go out.
except for	İstisna	The report is complete except for a few details.