Guía sobre verbos irregulares – Preparación TOEIC®
Flow Exam team
Introducción
Esta guía presenta un repertorio completo de los verbos irregulares en inglés, acompañado de una estimación (indicativa y no oficial, establecida según nuestra experiencia práctica) de la frecuencia de aparición de cada verbo en el examen del TOEIC®.
La idea es permitirte identificar rápidamente qué verbos irregulares aparecen con más frecuencia en las preguntas del examen, con el fin de optimizar tu tiempo de repaso.
Este recurso constituye una base léxica indispensable para afrontar con serenidad el TOEIC®: dominar estas formas verbales te dará una ventaja significativa en la comprensión escrita y oral, especialmente en las partes 5, 6 y 7.
Lista de verbos irregulares para el TOEIC®
| Verbo base | Pretérito (Simple Past) | Participio Pasado (Past Participle) | Traducción española | Probabilidad TOEIC® |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abide | abode | abode | conformarse a / respetar | 10% |
| arise | arose | arisen | aparecer / presentarse | 20% |
| awake | awoke | awoken | despertar / despertarse | 15% |
| be | was/were | been | ser / estar | 95% |
| bear | bore | borne | soportar / aguantar | 25% |
| beat | beat | beaten | golpear / vencer | 30% |
| become | became | become | convertirse en / llegar a ser | 95% |
| begin | began | begun | empezar / comenzar | 80% |
| bend | bent | bent | doblar / torcer | 25% |
| bet | bet | bet | apostar | 20% |
| bid | bid | bid | pujar / ofrecer un precio | 15% |
| bind | bound | bound | atar / obligar | 20% |
| bite | bit | bitten | morder | 15% |
| bleed | bled | bled | sangrar | 10% |
| blow | blew | blown | soplar / explotar | 25% |
| break | broke | broken | romper / quebrar | 80% |
| breed | bred | bred | criar (animales) / reproducir | 15% |
| bring | brought | brought | traer | 95% |
| build | built | built | construir / edificar | 80% |
| burn | burnt | burnt | quemar / consumir | 20% |
| burst | burst | burst | reventar / estallar | 15% |
| buy | bought | bought | comprar / adquirir | 95% |
| cast | cast | cast | lanzar / distribuir (roles) | 20% |
| catch | caught | caught | atrapar / coger | 80% |
| choose | chose | chosen | elegir / seleccionar | 50% |
| cling | clung | clung | aferrarse / agarrarse | 15% |
| come | came | come | venir / llegar | 95% |
| cost | cost | cost | costar / valer | 80% |
| creep | crept | crept | arrastrarse / deslizarse | 15% |
| cut | cut | cut | cortar / tajar | 80% |
| deal | dealt | dealt | repartir / tratar | 25% |
| dig | dug | dug | cavar / excavar | 20% |
| do | did | done | hacer / realizar | 95% |
| draw | drew | drawn | dibujar / tirar (de algo) | 50% |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | soñar / imaginar | 20% |
| drink | drank | drunk | beber / consumir | 50% |
| drive | drove | driven | conducir / pilotar | 50% |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | residir / habitar | 10% |
| eat | ate | eaten | comer / alimentarse | 80% |
| fall | fell | fallen | caer / desplomarse | 50% |
| feed | fed | fed | alimentar / dar de comer | 30% |
| feel | felt | felt | sentir / experimentar | 80% |
| fight | fought | fought | luchar / combatir | 30% |
| find | found | found | encontrar / descubrir | 95% |
| flee | fled | fled | huir / escapar | 15% |
| fling | flung | flung | lanzar / arrojar violentamente | 10% |
| fly | flew | flown | volar / irse volando | 30% |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | prohibir / vedar | 20% |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | predecir / pronosticar | 20% |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | prever / anticipar | 15% |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | predecir / anunciar | 10% |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar / omitir | 50% |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | perdonar / disculpar | 25% |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonar / dejar | 15% |
| freeze | froze | frozen | congelar / helar | 30% |
| get | got | got | obtener / conseguir | 95% |
| give | gave | given | dar / regalar | 95% |
| go | went | gone | ir / marcharse | 95% |
| grind | ground | ground | moler / triturar | 15% |
| grow | grew | grown | crecer / cultivar | 50% |
| hang | hung | hung | colgar / suspender | 25% |
| have | had | had | tener / haber | 95% |
| hear | heard | heard | oír / escuchar | 80% |
| hide | hid | hidden | esconder / ocultar | 30% |
| hit | hit | hit | golpear / impactar | 50% |
| hold | held | held | sostener / mantener | 80% |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | herir / doler | 50% |
| keep | kept | kept | guardar / mantener | 80% |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | arrodillarse | 10% |
| knit | knit | knit | tejer | 10% |
| know | knew | known | saber / conocer | 95% |
| lay | laid | laid | poner / colocar | 30% |
| lead | led | led | dirigir / guiar | 50% |
| lean | leaned/leant | leaned/leant | apoyarse / inclinarse | 15% |
| leap | leaped/leapt | leaped/leapt | saltar / brincar | 20% |
| learn | learnt | learnt | aprender / estudiar | 50% |
| leave | left | left | irse / dejar | 80% |
| lend | lent | lent | prestar / adelantar | 30% |
| let | let | let | dejar / permitir | 80% |
| lie | lay | lain | estar tumbado / yacer | 30% |
| light | lit | lit | encender / iluminar | 25% |
| lose | lost | lost | perder / extraviar | 80% |
| make | made | made | hacer / fabricar | 95% |
| mean | meant | meant | significar / querer decir | 80% |
| meet | met | met | encontrar / reunirse | 80% |
| mow | mowed | mown | cortar el césped | 10% |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | superar / vencer | 30% |
| partake | partook | partaken | participar en / tomar parte | 10% |
| pay | paid | paid | pagar / abonar | 95% |
| put | put | put | poner / colocar | 95% |
| quit | quit | quit | dejar / abandonar | 20% |
| read | read | read | leer / consultar | 80% |
| rid | rid | rid | librar / deshacerse de | 15% |
| ride | rode | ridden | montar / pasear en | 50% |
| ring | rang | rung | sonar / llamar por teléfono | 25% |
| rise | rose | risen | levantarse / ascender | 30% |
| run | ran | run | correr / gestionar | 95% |
| saw | sawed | sawn | aserrar / cortar con sierra | 15% |
| say | said | said | decir / afirmar | 95% |
| see | saw | seen | ver / observar | 95% |
| seek | sought | sought | buscar / intentar | 30% |
| sell | sold | sold | vender / comercializar | 80% |
| send | sent | sent | enviar / mandar | 80% |
| set | set | set | poner / establecer | 80% |
| sew | sewed | sewn | coser / unir | 15% |
| shake | shook | shaken | sacudir / temblar | 30% |
| shear | sheared | shorn | esquilar (ovejas) | 10% |
| shed | shed | shed | perder (pelo, hojas) / verter | 10% |
| shine | shone | shone | brillar / resplandecer | 20% |
| shoe | shod | shod | calzar / herrar | 10% |
| shoot | shot | shot | disparar / fotografiar | 30% |
| show | showed | shown | mostrar / enseñar | 50% |
| shut | shut | shut | cerrar / clausurar | 25% |
| sing | sang | sung | cantar / interpretar | 30% |
| sink | sank | sunk | hundir / naufragar | 25% |
| sit | sat | sat | sentarse / estar sentado | 80% |
| slay | slew | slain | matar / asesinar | 10% |
| sleep | slept | slept | dormir / reposar | 50% |
| slide | slid | slid | deslizar / resbalar | 20% |
| slit | slit | slit | rajar / cortar | 15% |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | oler / olfatear | 25% |
| sow | sowed | sown | sembrar / plantar | 10% |
| speak | spoke | spoken | hablar / expresarse | 95% |
| speed | sped | sped | acelerar / darse prisa | 20% |
| spell | spelt | spelt | deletrear / escribir correctamente | 20% |
| spend | spent | spent | gastar / pasar (tiempo) | 80% |
| spill | spilt | spilt | derramar / esparcir | 15% |
| spin | spun | spun | girar / hilar (lana) | 20% |
| spit | spat/spit | spat/spit | escupir | 10% |
| split | split | split | dividir / separar | 20% |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | estropear / dañar | 15% |
| spread | spread | spread | extender / difundir | 25% |
| spring | sprang | sprung | saltar / brotar | 15% |
| stand | stood | stood | estar de pie / soportar | 80% |
| steal | stole | stolen | robar / hurtar | 30% |
| stick | stuck | stuck | pegar / adherir | 25% |
| sting | stung | stung | picar / quemar (insecto) | 15% |
| stink | stank | stunk | apestar / oler mal | 10% |
| stride | strode | stridden | dar grandes pasos | 10% |
| strike | struck | struck | golpear / impactar | 30% |
| strive | strove | striven | esforzarse / luchar | 15% |
| swear | swore | sworn | jurar / prometer | 25% |
| sweep | swept | swept | barrer / limpiar | 20% |
| swell | swelled | swollen | hincharse / inflarse | 15% |
| swim | swam | swum | nadar / cruzar a nado | 25% |
| swing | swung | swung | balancearse / oscilar | 15% |
| take | took | taken | tomar / coger | 95% |
| teach | taught | taught | enseñar / instruir | 95% |
| tear | tore | torn | rasgar / arrancar | 25% |
| tell | told | told | decir / informar | 95% |
| think | thought | thought | pensar / reflexionar | 95% |
| throw | threw | thrown | lanzar / tirar | 50% |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | empujar / introducir a la fuerza | 10% |
| tread | trod | trodden | pisar / pisotear | 10% |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | someterse a / experimentar | 20% |
| understand | understood | understood | comprender / entender | 95% |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | emprender / encargarse de | 20% |
| upset | upset | upset | trastornar / contrariar | 15% |
| wake | woke | woken | despertar / despertar a alguien | 30% |
| wear | wore | worn | llevar (ropa) / desgastar | 50% |
| weave | wove | woven | tejer / entrelazar | 10% |
| weep | wept | wept | llorar / sollozar | 20% |
| win | won | won | ganar / conseguir | 80% |
| wind | wound | wound | enrollar / dar cuerda | 15% |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | retirar / retirarse | 25% |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | retener / negar | 20% |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | resistir / soportar | 15% |
| wring | wrung | wrung | torcer / escurrir | 10% |
| write | wrote | written | escribir / redactar | 95% |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | transmitir / emitir | 20% |
| deal (with) | dealt | dealt | tratar con / gestionar | 25% |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | encogerse / reducirse | 15% |
Conclusión
Para profundizar tu dominio de la gramática inglesa y maximizar tu puntuación en el TOEIC®, te sugerimos consultar estos recursos complementarios:
- 🔗 Guía completa de gramática inglesa para el TOEIC®
- 🔗 El pasado para el TOEIC® - presentación general
- 🔗 El presente para el TOEIC®
- 🔗 El futuro para el TOEIC®
¿Listo para pasar a la acción?
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